14 L THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER Excerpts From Beveridge Report and Digest of Provisions By The United Press. policy and structure after the by one nation to gain for its citi- to find a new livelihood if the service organized under health LONDON, Dec. 1 - Following war shall be adjusted in such a zens advantages at the cost of present ones fail. A maternity departments, and post-medical re- are excerpts from Sir William way as to maintain productive their fellow fighters common grant, provision for widowhood habilitation treatment will be employment. cause, but a contribution to that and separation, and qualification Beveridge's report on economic provided for all persons capable common cause for retirement pensions will be Thirdly, that a plan for social of profiting by it. reforms for post-war Britain: They are concerned, not with secured to Class 3 by virtue of security-in other words, a plan increasing the total wealth of the their husband's contributions: in XII The rise in the general standard for maintenance of income- British people, but with so dis- addition to the maternity grant, of living in Britain during the A Ministry of Social Security should be adopted free from un- tributing whatever wealth is housewives who take paid work will be established, responsible thirty or forty years that ended necessary costs of administration available as to deal first with will receive the maternity bene- for social insurance, national as- with the present war has two first things, with essential physi- fit for thirteen weeks to enable and other wastefulness of re- sistance and encouragement and morals for us: cal needs. them to give up working before sources supervision of voluntary insur- Firstly, that new measures to They are a sign of the belief and after childbirth. Fourthly, that decisions regard- ance and will take over so far as that the object of a government spread prosperity are needed a ing the nature of this plan should necessary for these purposes the plan for social security designed be taken during the war. in peace or war is not the glory VI present work of other govern- of rulers or race, but the happi- The unemployment benefit, dis- ment departments and of local to meet this need and establishing Ideal Must Be Won ness of the common man. authorities in these fields. That is the belief which, through ability benefit, basic retirement a national minimum over which Freedom from want cannot be all differences in forms of gov- pension after the transition period Following is an outline of the prosperity can grow, with want and training benefit will be at the main financial proposals forced on a democracy or given a abolished. ernment, unites not only the An insured man would make a democracy It must be won by democracies whose leaders first same rate irrespective of previous weekly contribution of 4s 3d to Secondly, a study of the period them. Winning it needs courage, put their hands to the Atlantic earning. This rate will provide by between, say 1900 and 1936, which itself the income necessary for cover all the benefits and services faith, sense, national unity- Charter, but those democracies subsistence in all normal cases. provided. An employer would includes the first World War, courage to face facts and diffi- and all their allies. It unites the contribute 3s 3d. Insured women culties and overcome them, faith United Nations and divides them There will be a joint rate for a proves encouraging, for it shows in our future and ideals, free- man and wife who is not gain- would pay. 6d and an employer that it is wrong to assume that from their enemies. would pay 2s 6d. The estimated dom, the fair play for which cen- fully occupied. Where there is no the present war must bring to an wife or she is gainfully occupied cost to the National Exchequer tury after century of our fore- end economic progress for Britain would be £350,000,000 in 1945, in- fathers were prepared to die. a Summary of Plan there will be a lower single rate: or for the rest of the world. stead of £265,000,000 under exist- sense of national unity overriding where there is no wife but a de- A summary by Sir William ing commitments. The cost to After four years of open war- the interests of any class or sec- pendent above the age for the tion. children's allowance there will be insured persons would be £194,- fare and diversion of effort from Beveridge of his report on social 000,000 in 1945, instead of £69,000,- useful production to means of de- This plan of social security is insurance and allied services, as a dependent allowance. 000. The cost to employers would struction between 1914 and 1918, submitted by one who believes The maternity benefit for house- there followed an aftermath of that in this supreme crisis the broadcast by British official wire- be £137,000,000, instead of £83,- wives who work also for gain will 000,000. economic conflict. International British people will not be found less yesterday and recorded by be at a higher rate than the single Following are the main changes trade was given no chance to re- wanting in courage, faith or na- THE NEW YORK TIMES, follows: rate in unemployment or disabil- from existing practice proposed : cover from the war, and Britain tional unity, in material or spir- ity, while their unemployment The employment benefit would entered a period of mass unem- itual power, to play their part in I and disability benefit will be at a be raised from 38s a week for ployment in her staple industries. achieving both social security lower rate: there are special rates twenty-six weeks, followed by as- Progress Continued and a victory of justice among The plan covers all citizens also for widowhood as described sistance on a means test to 56s a nations, on which security de- without upper income limit, but below. With these exceptions all week unlimited in time without a Nevertheless. across this waste- pends. has regard to their different way rates of benefit will be the same means test, subject to attendance ful period of destruction and dis- In an investigation of the East of life: it is a plan all-embracing for men and women. at a training center if unemploy- location, permanent forces mak- London poor it was found that in scope of persons and needs, but Disability due to industrial ac- ment were prolonged. The old ing for material progress-techni- before the war the total surplus is classified in its application. cident or disease will be treated age benefit from 20s a week for cal advance and the capacity of of those of the working class like all other disability for the first families who were above the II man and wife, supplemented by human society to adjust itself to thirteen weeks; if the disability an assistance board according to new conditions-continued to op- minimum was more than thirty continues thereafter the disability In relation to social security the needs to 40s a week on retire- erate. times the total deficiency of those benefit at a flat rate will be re- population falls into four main ment from work plus 2s a week Real wealth per head in Brit- families under the minimum. placed by the industrial pension increase each year that retire- I am not arguing that redistri- classes of working age and two ain, with shrunken overseas in- related to the earnings of the in- bution of income should be con- others below and above working ment is postponed. Widowhood vestments and lost export mar- dividual, subject to the minimum from 18s to 40s a week. Maternity fined to the working class. Still age, respectively and maximum. kets, was substantially higher in £2 to £4. Funeral from nil to £20. 1938 than in 1933, even when we less do I argue that men should Class -Employes, that is, per- be content with mere avoidance sons whose normal occupation is Industrial disability from a maxi- VII include all her unemployed. mum of 35s to a minimum of 56s employment under contract serv- The present war may be even of want with bare subsistence in- and a maximum of 76s a week. more destructive. It is likely to comes. I merely cite this as a ice. The unemployment benefit will Other disability from 18s to 56s a most convincing demonstration Class 2-Others gainfully occu- continue at the same rate without complete the work of the first week. World War in exhausing Britain's that abolition of want just before pied, including employers, traders a means test so long as unemploy- Medical treatment at present the war was easily within the and independent workers of all ment lasts, but will normally be investments overseas and deprive provides the service of a general economic resources of the com- kinds. subject to the condition of attend- Britain of another source of practitioner for an insured man earning abroad by her shipping munity Class 3-Housewives, that is, ance at work or a training center only with additional treatment In short, want was a needless married women of working age. after a certain period. The dis- and benefits in some cases. The services. These and other ways scandal due to no one taking the Class 4-Others of working age ability benefit will continue at plan envisages comprehensive will change the economic environ- trouble to prevent it. not gainfully occupied. the same rate without a means treatment. including hospital, ment in which the British people Class 5-Below working age test so long as disability lasts or dental, ophthalmic and convales- must live and work and may call The Uses of Victory Class 6-Retired above working till it is replaced by an industrial cent homes for a whole family for radical and, in some ways, A statement of a reconstruction age. pension, subject to acceptance of and the cost of medical rehabili- painful readjustments. III suitable medical treatment or policy by a nation at war is a tation. There are bound to be acute dif- statement of the uses to which vocational training. ficulties in the transition. Cer- that nation means to put victory The sixth class would receive re- Shop Early-Mail Early tainly, there are no easy, carefree when victory is achieved. In a tirement pensions and the fifth VIII times in early prospect. war which many nations must would be covered by children's al- Pensions other than industrial But to suppose that these dif- wage together if they are to win lowances paid from the Ex- ficulties cannot be overcome, that chequer in respect to all children would be paid only on retirement. the victory, such a statement of the power of readjustment has the proposed uses of victory may when a responsible parent is in They may be claimed at any time deserted the British people, that after the minimum age retire- be vital. receipt of an insurance benefit or ment of 65 for men and 60 for technical advance has ended or This was realized by the leaders pension and in respect to all chil- Gímbels women. The rate of pension can end, that the British of the of the democracies of the East dren except one in other cases. would be increased above the future must be permanently poor and West Atlantic in putting their The four other classes will be in- because they will have spent sured for security appropriate to basic rate if retirement were hands to a charter which in gen- their fathers' savings is defeatism eral terms set forth the nature of their circumstances. All classes postponed. Contributory pensions the world they desired to estab- will be covered for comprehensive as of right would be raised to the without reason and against rea- son. lish after the war. The Atlantic medical treatment and rehabilita- full basic rate gradually during Charter since has been signed in the transition period of twenty tion and for funeral expenses. "Want Can Be Abolished" behalf of all the United Nations. years in which adequate pensions, suits us Want could have been abolished The fifth clause of that charter IV according to needs, would be paid declares the desire of American to all persons requiring them. The in Britain before the present war. and British leaders to "bring Every person in Classes 1, 2 and position of existing pensioners It can be abolished after the present war unless the British about the fullest cooperation be- 3 will pay a single security con- would be safeguarded. tween all nations in the economic tribution by stamp on a single in- people prove less productive than field with the object of securing surance document each week or IX they and their fathers always have been. There is no sense be- for all improved labor standards, combination of weeks. In Class While permanent pensions would economical advancement and so- 1 the employer also will contrib- no longer be granted to widows lieving to the contrary cial security. ute, affixing an insurance stamp But the question of whether of working age without depend- The proposals in this report are and deducting the employe's freedom from want can be at- ent children, there would be for designed as a practical contribu- share from his wages or salary. tained in the near future depends all widows a temporary benefit at on four conditions: tion toward the achievement of The contribution will differ from a higher rate than the unemploy- the social security which is named one class to another according to Firstly, that the post-war world ment or disability benefit, fol- in the closing words. They cover the benefits provided and will be is a world in which nations set lowed by a training benefit where themselves to cooperate for pro- the ground which in one way or higher for men than women so necessary. For widows with the duction in peace rather than plot- another must be covered in trans- as to secure the benefits for care of dependent children there lating the words of the Atlantic Class 3. ting mutual destruction by war, would be a guardian benefit in whether open or concealed. Charter into deeds. V addition to children's allowances Secondly, that British economic They represent not an attempt adequate for subsistence without Subject to simple contribution other means. conditions, every person in Class The position of existing widows tion of reconstruction should be 1 will receive benefits for unem- on pension would be safeguarded. POST-WAR BRITAIN welcomed, Mr. Greenwood added. ployment and disability pension The test of all proposals must be on retirement, medical treatment X and funeral expenses. Class 2 MAPPED BY LABOR For a limited number of cases whether they were necessary, not will receive all these except un- of need, not covered by social in- whether they were controversial. employment and disability benefit surance, national assistance sub- Sir William announced the gov- during the first thirteen weeks ject to a uniform means test of disability. Class 4 will receive would be available. Greenwood Bars Any Return ernment's decision to form a sepa- all except unemployment and dis- rate Ministry for town and country ability benefit. XI to Pre-War Level-Minister planning in England and Wales As a substitute for the unem- ployment benefit a training bene- Medical treatment covering all Announces Planning Body with a commission to assist the fit will be available to all classes requirements would be provided Minister. other than Class 1 to assist them all citizens by a national health