Second Section THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR Wednesday, December 22, 1948 P What Is Democracy? Definition Being Written All Over America Ohio Pupils Equality of Opportunity Tied Taught How To Sift Facts Closely to Free Enterprise Mode of Living Profit and Loss Special to The Christian Science Monitor Staff Writer of Final Installment By Tully Nettleton Cincinnati The Christian Science Monitor What is democracy? Of Freedom Series Staff Writer of The Cincinnati public school The Christian Science Monitor does not make it pol- Thousand of American The articles this page What is free enterprise? icy dodge current issues be- teachers try each year to de- constitute the 24th and final Thousands of American busi- fine it for their classes- kin- installment they are On the contrary, the policy dergarten, grade school, high "Education Freedom" nessmen, farmers, and school, or college Better still. which began in The Christian labor unionists hold that enunciated by the Board of Science Monitor of Nov. 24. an essential part of the system to plunge into such they urge the pupils to try to In it define it for themselves; the Monitor has under- of freedoms under which the least to to open them make broad United States has grown and examina- think about it, what it means, of the means by which great and internationally and to and what involves tion in the United States influential. pupils the The definition is still being equipping future citizens them, this economic lib- methods. written-in the everyday lives this freedom of of 140,000,000 Americans and of society which they live. directive in The efforts uncounted millions other believes, and lands who share the traditions and aspirations of liberty under if people desig- freedom under responsi- freedom bility of worship Free Enterprise Issues, effective Definition Given to reads: im- One of the basic attempts defend working definition of for teachers of made of by Dr William and values. but Kilpatrick state On this gradual social Teachers College. Columbia of and that versity, York, background contro- tary Schools materials 1946) change the the nature of democracy shall be .the the 1943 enterprise, and academic of the Cincinnati public department principals of the National tegrity which have come hand during the preparation Association and scientific of the series, of Dr. Kilpatrick, "began that Democracy," by the Educational void of parti- Policies Commission of the NEA, industrial bias, Naturally, follows: would tend democracy poli- Board York mean Impartial Moderator people in form impartial Around Tables Like This, Interested American High Schoolers Thresh Out Their Community Problems times of in which people rule them- study to mean effort of years attempt, school curriculum is made up of "Freedom to learn implies that in all important relevant benefit Economic View the denied the student. Through 'Freedom' people. others. democracy somewhat factual study of democracy, form life therefore, pupils organize facts, Freedom is re-created year by year. the which each share service and fact and In hearts wide open on the Godward side, right enjoy the returns draw In souls calm-cadenced as the whirling sphere, from In minds that sway the future like tide. group, democracy simplify Russell Lowell in his poem, "Freedom. help pupils develop by supply Free Citizen Has Rights, and the pursuit efforts, than by Basic Essentials "Basic essentials of What It Means another group democ- of Each of life freedom the role assembly. judge than And Responsibilities Too to side them in citizenry Special Christian thinking, at the claim commission added its An article on education under Indianapolis have fact, rights controlled the statement description offered the the of by Presi- Your of Education Miracle of America dent Perón in Argentina, appear in The Christian Science American Legion its schools Whatever the precise descrip- Monitor Section this of Indianapo- the loyalties and there is evidently the subject matter the equal school week. Dec. 24. the country well of about lis Board of School Commission- energies men during American cherish and he worldwide social that produces within vulsion. The Advertising Coun This World follows: under\ "Poli- (New York) in the right life and property if need for Education in American Great Social Faith Miracle of America, my opinion orally Uncle Sam and John Bull: Family Affair this nation might live "Democracy," said the commis- America operates under writing in criticism or sion, more than institutions Constitutional Rights system of political and of public officers and on Etiquette Rules of life. By WILLIAM H. STRINGER, Chief, London eme Bureau, The Christian Science Monitor to listen and to read, "Because have the right social faith which baseball, with others, and "Exercise my rights Salute to Flag to the yearnings and struggles to give field and London even the Conservative Party is reconciled to such under the Constitution and peoples, chance to our nationalization of the coal mines and would serious attention, United people: Every now and then someone breaks into States the developing through the farmers busi- Proper flag etiquette print with the proposition that the British not reverse nationalization of the railways professional people, and "Study and social rendering the pledge effort to list some public people are anti American. You read. for in- In Labor's left wing, suspicion of capitalism in general. sues carefully and to lawfully legiance to the United States "articles democratic "Admittedly system has stance. that substantial minority if not is so strong that some few think "unbridled read be travel, Flag the majority of Britons regard Americans as in- American capitalism" is as objectionable as expressing opinion photograph below. individual terfering boastful. sometimes vulgar, often Soviet totalitarianism. the views of others as Congress in an act of 1942 tactless, and given to wearing loud neckties Obviously elements far beyond politics in- worthy of happiness codifying flag customs earth human fluence the British viewpoint today. The own; to make my Whenever these suggestions spring up it is criticism duty scribed that those reciting belong to steady, wonderful flow of food parcels into structive; withhold judgment protect and defend this pledge should stand with time to whet up the typewriter and mow and until the evidence the Constitution thousands of British homes has kindled ap- of the United them down. the right hand over the heart and and to refrain from loose talking States, obey its laws. preciation of the neighbors overseas which to make This supersedes the extended "Fourth, the human mind But which made months ago an article appeared in one may injure another competent hand or the military salute be trusted and not be extinguished should be of the big American weeklies which assumed jeopardize my countrymen. all times except that the latter is used "Fifth, the method of peace than 100 American motion pictures have had their years the premise that Britons dislike Americans of helpful and unhelpful repercussions, but the Duty of Voter by persons uniform Others superior to that of (1850-1946) have learned new and went on to explain helpfully why. One of flag mankind has present should merely stand "Sixth racial, cultural, and ways of its doing the large London dailies reprinted it. and now British public flocks to see them. things. "Because have the right state of free- at attention. political minorities should be through free, dy. my American journalistic colleagues Then there is the British press. The London "Vote whom choose in the erated, respected, and valued written a slim volume which main- Express, its penchant for empire solidarity so election of those who will specifically that he-third of the British strong that it would have had Britain decline office in our Increased Output anti-American. Marshall aid. has not hesitated on occasion to "Increased our output per man- play up American-British disa agreements. And my duty hour of work more than five covers multi- "Use my right to vote as tude attitudes. But it is little difficult American correspondents in London some- 27 cents to $1.41 (in telligently as possible, and to this -third arrived at when times fume at the picture of the United States terms of today's purchasing and support public officers power) poll taken by the pro-empire Daily which the Daily Mail's columnist Don Iddon the honest performance of their Express that 70 per cent of those manages to glean from the glitter of New duty "Reduced our average work week from 70 hours to about 40 they were "friendly toward York. But those British newspaper corre- "Because have the right to- hours; the United States and only per cent re- who have made painstaking tours Worship according to the dic. of the United States have presented highly tates of "Increased our national income sponded "unfriendly. The 21 per cent who my own replied they were "indifferent" hardly could accurate and perceptive pictures of American duty 26 times, with working force be classified as hostile. "Accord this same privilege that has increased only about problems and hopes. others and respect the sacred- times religious faith "Given ourselves the highest Hostility Hard to Find Because have the right standard of living ever known by The U.S.: A Powerfi Cousin "Petition my government for any people in any country at any With -American friendship It would be very difficult to find here much redress from wrongs, to state vital factor in world stability, no thoughtful active, open hostility to the United States grievance, or ask relief from op- These figures the Advertising Council has from porter would wish to cover up antagonisms these days. I've traveled through villages and duty ica's Needs and their might help root them out cities from London to Scotland, and can for myself than J. Frederic But the same time the temporary rifts and honestly say I've never encountered single all others with ciates, of the Century and careless comment heard at the similar hostile look or word although there have problems and to Fund up: "With should not blind anyone to the fact that personal must than of the that the growth of understanding and soli- been vigorous but friendly arguments over subordinate the public good population and its land darity between the United States and Great such problems as coal production and "Because have the right little more than Palestine. "Own property which cannot be the world's natural has been steady since the first days of War II. Americans lately may have read of two taken World from me except by due United States today produces Of course. the graph of friendship has had sharply critical reviews here of General process law, and to hold close to one-third of the world's its ups and downs. British appreciation of Eisenhower's book "Crusade in Europe. But home inviolate from unlawful annual output of good do they know of the many letters written to search myself from illegal services. America was enhanced by the common stake in battle, by the "unsordid" advent of Lend- these newspapers deploring the tone of the seizure, and to establish my own integrity American Platform Lease, by admiration for President Roosevelt same reviews? Just now on desk is an "It my duty to and Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. and, of invitation from council of SHAEF comrades On the basis of this record the "Respect the property and per- to dinner celebrating British publication of council offers "A Platform for All course, by the far-sightedness and magnitude sonal rights of others; to refrain of the Marshall Plan. this volume. from trespass; and to Americans" which includes the following points: the other hand, irritation Britishers will not wear their gratitude for slander. knowing that has Freedom of the individual been stirred by the behavior of some few GIs dur- Marshall aid on their sleeve There will be good name is his legal right. work in the callings and locali- occasional setbacks and rifts. And each nation Trial by Jury ties of his the war. by Presiden Truman's vacilla- choice; contract Palestine, and by the general frus- will retain its own individuality. But the basic understanding is growing, slowly and in- "Because have the right to- about his affairs; to buy, sell, "Be by vest, and profit from his enter- and occasioned by Brit- evitably. tried jury of my fel- prise far as this does not plight. low citizens am basic, rather remarkable point which To those Americans who are worried by the legally flict with the public interest with crime; to to be noticed is that Americans are occasional to the contrary, sured that Protection for individual- cannot be punished by public being regarded submit Winston Churchill's famous address private longer more than once for the out-and-out same for- against the basic hazards of 1940 in which he referred to the probability to refuse to testify against of eigners by the British The United States is like powerful cousin which left to free under bond which he have that the British Empire and the United States no control. capital offense, action family long ago, struck would "have to be somewhat mixed up to gether some of their affairs for mutual and to and now returned to.help the old all times that independent cousin some- person deemed to desirable but with old customs and methods, not stop it if I wished. said this by hearty good will. profound student of history "No one guilty abstain Freest possible competition sistent certain deep Like the Mississippi, just keeps rolling with the the public of course, diver- Free collective welfare, lieves strongly in free enterprise. In Britain, of viewpoint. The United States be along. Let it roll. Let it roll on full flood, in. bargaining and assist right of labor to organize and exorable irresistible, benignant, to broader witness lands and better days." called Bubles Standard ou bargain collectively with upon era. Increased recognition of First Graders of Tomball, Texas, Start Day by Reciting Pledge of Allegiance man values as a better living. x a